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General Surgery · Urology: renal cell carcinoma
Sample itemA 58-year-old smoker has painless haematuria and a left flank mass. He also has a left varicocele that does not empty when he lies down. What is the explanation for the varicocele?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
A. Tumour thrombus in the left renal vein obstructing the left testicular vein
The left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein, whereas the right drains directly into the inferior vena cava. Renal cell carcinoma has a tendency to invade the renal vein, so a thrombus blocks the left testicular vein outflow, causing a varicocele that does not decompress when supine. A new left varicocele in an older man should prompt imaging of the kidney.
Option by option
A. Tumour thrombus in the left renal vein obstructing the left testicular vein (correct)
Renal vein invasion explains why a left-sided varicocele fails to empty on lying down.
B. Incompetent valves of the internal spermatic vein
Valvular incompetence causes ordinary varicocele, which empties on lying down.
C. Obstruction of the inferior vena cava by the right testicular vein
The right testicular vein is not the pathway affected in a left-sided varicocele.
D. Compression of the pampiniform plexus by inguinal lymph nodes
Nodal compression at the groin is not the typical mechanism and would not be linked to the renal mass.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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