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General Surgery · Trauma: massive haemothorax
Sample itemAfter blunt chest trauma, a 35-year-old man is tachycardic and hypotensive. A chest drain is inserted and 1700 mL of blood drains immediately, with continued brisk drainage. What is the next step?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
B. Resuscitate and proceed to emergency thoracotomy
Massive haemothorax is defined as 1500 mL or more of blood on initial chest tube drainage, or ongoing loss of more than 200 mL per hour for 2 to 4 hours. These patients need volume resuscitation with blood and urgent thoracotomy to control the source, typically an intercostal vessel, internal mammary artery or hilar structure.
Option by option
A. Clamp the chest drain to tamponade the bleeding
Clamping a chest drain risks tension haemothorax and does not stop the bleeding.
B. Resuscitate and proceed to emergency thoracotomy (correct)
Correct. Initial drainage over 1500 mL with ongoing bleeding mandates thoracotomy.
C. Insert a second chest drain and observe
A second tube does not control a bleeding vessel.
D. Wait for video-assisted evacuation after 5 days
Delayed video-assisted surgery is for retained clotted haemothorax in stable patients.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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