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Orthopaedics · Bone and joint infections: amyloidosis in chronic osteomyelitis
Sample itemA 50-year-old man has had a discharging sinus from tibial osteomyelitis for 30 years. He now has heavy proteinuria and oedema, and a renal biopsy shows Congo red positive deposits. Which protein forms the deposits?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
A. Serum amyloid A
Chronic inflammation raises serum amyloid A, the precursor of AA (secondary) amyloid, which deposits in the kidney and causes nephrotic syndrome. It is a recognised late complication of long-standing osteomyelitis, tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Option by option
A. Serum amyloid A (correct)
Correct. Chronic infection drives serum amyloid A production and secondary AA amyloidosis.
B. Transthyretin
Transthyretin amyloid is hereditary or age-related and affects the heart and nerves.
C. Immunoglobulin light chain
Light chain (AL) amyloid is associated with plasma cell disorders.
D. Beta-2 microglobulin
Beta-2 microglobulin amyloid occurs in long-term dialysis patients.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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