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ENT · Airway: tracheo-innominate fistula
Sample itemTen days after tracheostomy a patient has a small bright red bleed from the tube followed hours later by torrential bleeding. What is the likely cause and first action?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
A. Tracheo-innominate fistula; hyperinflate the cuff and apply pressure before going to theatre
A sentinel bleed signals erosion of the innominate artery by the tube tip or cuff, often from a low tracheostomy. The cuff is overinflated or a finger is placed through the stoma to compress the artery against the sternum while arranging surgical repair.
Option by option
A. Tracheo-innominate fistula; hyperinflate the cuff and apply pressure before going to theatre (correct)
Correct. A sentinel bleed suggests tracheo-innominate fistula and needs urgent control.
B. Gastric ulcer; insert nasogastric tube
A gastric ulcer is not related to the tube.
C. Pulmonary embolism; anticoagulate
Pulmonary embolism does not present like this.
D. Thyroid bleed; observe
Observation is dangerous because massive bleeding follows.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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