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Anaesthesia · Post-dural puncture headache
Sample itemA 26-year-old woman, 2 days after a caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with a cutting-tip needle, develops a severe frontal and occipital headache with neck stiffness and tinnitus. The headache is relieved when she lies flat and returns within minutes of sitting up. She is afebrile. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
C. Post-dural puncture headache
Leakage of CSF through the dural hole lowers intracranial pressure, and traction on pain-sensitive structures causes a headache that is worse upright and better supine. Larger and cutting needles carry more risk. Fever points to meningitis, and hypertension or a non-postural pattern would point to other causes.
Option by option
A. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Venous sinus thrombosis gives a persistent, often non-postural headache with seizures or focal signs.
B. Bacterial meningitis
Meningitis presents with fever and a headache that is not relieved by lying flat.
C. Post-dural puncture headache (correct)
Correct. A postural headache after dural puncture, with no fever, is typical of CSF leak.
D. Postpartum pre-eclampsia headache
Pre-eclampsia headache accompanies hypertension and is not relieved by lying flat.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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