Dentistry flashcards for NEET PG

Per quadrant: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars. 20 teeth in all.

Memory hook: 2-1-2, no premolars.

Per quadrant: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars. 32 teeth in all.

Memory hook: 2-1-2-3.

It induces root dentine formation and moulds the shape and number of the roots.

Memory hook: Hertwig shapes the root.

Enamel, about 96% inorganic.

Memory hook: Hardest tissue, cannot repair itself.

It covers the root and anchors the periodontal ligament fibres (Sharpey's fibres) to the tooth.

Memory hook: The glue of the root.

Multilocular 'soap bubble' radiolucency, usually in the mandibular molar and ramus region.

Memory hook: Soap bubbles in the jaw.

Odontogenic keratocyst; Gorlin (basal cell naevus) syndrome involves PTCH1 mutations.

Memory hook: Keratocyst comes back.

Congenital syphilis: Hutchinson's incisors and mulberry molars.

Memory hook: Hutchinson's teeth.

Opalescent grey-brown teeth with bulbous crowns and obliterated pulp chambers.

Memory hook: Opalescent, bulbous crowns.

Yellow-brown staining of the teeth.

Memory hook: Avoid in pregnancy and young children.

A white patch that cannot be wiped off and cannot be called any other disease; it is potentially malignant.

Memory hook: White, fixed, biopsy it.

Burning on eating spicy food, blanched stiff mucosa, fibrous bands and trismus; caused by areca nut chewing; potentially malignant.

Memory hook: Areca nut, trismus.

Tobacco chewing and smoking, areca nut and alcohol; the commonest type is squamous cell carcinoma.

Memory hook: Tobacco plus areca.

I: horizontal, palate separated from the face. II: pyramidal, through the nasal bridge. III: craniofacial disjunction.

Memory hook: I low, II pyramid, III high.

Bilateral spreading cellulitis of the submandibular, sublingual and submental spaces, usually from a lower molar; it can obstruct the airway.

Memory hook: Floor of mouth swells, airway at risk.

Lip at about 3 months; palate at about 9 to 12 months, before speech develops.

Memory hook: Lip first, palate before words.

The inferior alveolar nerve, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve; it numbs the lower teeth on that side.

Memory hook: V3, lower teeth.

Gingivitis is reversible inflammation of the gum only; periodontitis adds loss of attachment and bone and is not fully reversible.

Memory hook: Bone loss means periodontitis.

About 1 ppm (mg/L); higher levels cause dental fluorosis and, much higher, skeletal fluorosis.

Memory hook: 1 ppm protects, more stains.

Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth in the permanent dentition (dmft for deciduous teeth).

Memory hook: Caries experience, counted per person.

The mandibular central incisor, at about 6 months.

Memory hook: Lower front teeth lead.

Central incisor, lateral incisor, first molar, canine, second molar (A, B, D, C, E).

Memory hook: ABDCE.

The mandibular first molar, at about 6 years, behind the last deciduous molar.

Memory hook: The six-year molar.

Between about 17 and 21 years.

Memory hook: Wisdom comes late.

Bud, cap, bell, then apposition and maturation.

Memory hook: Bud, cap, bell.

Odontoblasts from dental papilla (neural crest ectomesenchyme); ameloblasts from the inner enamel epithelium.

Memory hook: Dentine from mesenchyme, enamel from epithelium.

The mandibular third molar.

Memory hook: Wisdom teeth run out of room.

Five: three buccal and two lingual.

Memory hook: 3 + 2.

The ameloblast forms it, but once the tooth erupts ameloblasts are lost, so enamel cannot regenerate.

Memory hook: No cells left to repair it.

The odontoblast; it keeps laying down secondary dentine, and tertiary (reparative) dentine in response to injury.

Memory hook: Pulp chamber shrinks with age.

Pain only, whatever the stimulus, because it is supplied by free nerve endings.

Memory hook: Hot, cold or sweet all feel like pain.

Gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone.

Memory hook: The tooth's support system.

On the buccal mucosa opposite the upper second molar.

Memory hook: Stensen, second molar.

At the sublingual papilla, beside the lingual frenulum on the floor of the mouth.

Memory hook: Stones here are common.

Lateral pterygoid opens (protrudes the jaw); masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid close it.

Memory hook: All supplied by V3.

Lingual nerve for general sensation and chorda tympani (facial) for taste.

Memory hook: V3 feels, VII tastes.

The radicular (periapical) cyst, arising from epithelial rests after pulp necrosis.

Memory hook: Dead tooth, cyst at the apex.

A cyst attached at the cemento-enamel junction enclosing the crown of an unerupted tooth, most often a mandibular third molar.

Memory hook: Cyst around the crown.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic (Pindborg) tumour.

Memory hook: Pindborg, rings.

Odontoma, a hamartoma made of enamel, dentine and cementum, often found in children.

Memory hook: A tooth-like hamartoma.

Islands of odontogenic epithelium with peripheral palisaded columnar cells showing reverse polarity around a stellate-reticulum-like centre.

Memory hook: Reverse polarity.

An autosomal dominant disorder (SH3BP2) with bilateral multilocular swelling of the jaws in children that usually regresses after puberty.

Memory hook: Chubby cherub cheeks.

A mucous retention or extravasation cyst of the sublingual gland on the floor of the mouth, bluish and translucent.

Memory hook: Frog belly.

Streptococcus mutans initiates; Lactobacillus is associated with progression into dentine.

Memory hook: Mutans starts it.

A susceptible tooth, cariogenic bacteria in plaque, fermentable carbohydrate substrate and time.

Memory hook: Tooth, bugs, sugar, time.

A chalky white spot lesion from subsurface demineralisation, which can still be remineralised.

Memory hook: White spot, reversible.

Around pH 5.5, the critical pH.

Memory hook: Below 5.5 enamel dissolves.

The mandibular incisors, because the tongue and lower lip protect them while the upper incisors are bathed in milk or sugar.

Memory hook: Upper incisors rot first.

Reversible: brief pain on stimulus that stops when removed. Irreversible: spontaneous, lingering, often night pain needing root canal or extraction.

Memory hook: Lingering pain means irreversible.

Gutta-percha with a sealer.

Memory hook: Obturation.

Mineralised plaque; commonest on the lingual of lower incisors and buccal of upper molars, near salivary duct openings.

Memory hook: Next to the ducts.

Painful, punched-out, necrotic interdental papillae with bleeding and foul odour, linked to fusiform bacilli and spirochaetes, stress and HIV.

Memory hook: Vincent infection.

Phenytoin, ciclosporin and calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine.

Memory hook: PCN.

The buccal mucosa and gingivobuccal sulcus, reflecting tobacco quid chewing.

Memory hook: Where the quid sits.

Erythroplakia carries a much higher risk of dysplasia or carcinoma.

Memory hook: Red is more dangerous than white.

Bilateral white reticular Wickham striae on the buccal mucosa; a potentially malignant disorder.

Memory hook: Lacy white lines.

Candidal plaques wipe off leaving a red base; leukoplakia does not wipe off.

Memory hook: Thrush scrapes off.

A corrugated white lesion on the lateral tongue that does not wipe off, caused by EBV and seen in HIV.

Memory hook: Lateral tongue, EBV.

Herpes simplex virus type 1, typically in young children, with fever and painful vesicles and ulcers on gingiva.

Memory hook: HSV-1.

Painful erosions are often the first sign; biopsy shows intraepidermal acantholysis.

Memory hook: Mouth first.

Recurrent oral aphthae with genital ulcers and uveitis.

Memory hook: Mouth, genitals, eye.

A slow-growing, well-differentiated exophytic warty carcinoma linked to tobacco chewing, with a good prognosis and rare metastasis.

Memory hook: Warty, low grade.

Ecchymosis in the greater palatine region, seen in Le Fort I fractures.

Memory hook: Palate bruise.

Le Fort II and III, because they involve the nasal and skull base region.

Memory hook: High fractures leak.

A fracture of the orbital floor after blunt orbital trauma, with diplopia on upgaze, enophthalmos and infraorbital numbness.

Memory hook: Inferior rectus trapped.

Flattened cheek, infraorbital paraesthesia, subconjunctival haemorrhage and trismus.

Memory hook: Cheek flat, numb.

The impacted third molar and change in bone shape create a weak point.

Memory hook: Wisdom tooth weakens the angle.

Reduction and fixation with miniplates, or intermaxillary fixation for several weeks, with antibiotics.

Memory hook: Restore the bite first.

Severe throbbing pain 2 to 4 days after extraction from loss of the blood clot, exposing bone; treated by irrigation and a medicated dressing.

Memory hook: Lost clot.

Irradiated mandibular bone has poor blood supply and may develop osteoradionecrosis.

Memory hook: Jaw will not heal.

Bisphosphonates, especially intravenous, and denosumab, after dental extraction.

Memory hook: Exposed bone that will not heal.

Silver, tin and copper alloy mixed with about 50% mercury.

Memory hook: Silver filling.

It bonds chemically to tooth and releases fluoride.

Memory hook: Fluoride-releasing filling.

Eugenol inhibits polymerisation of the resin.

Memory hook: Eugenol blocks setting.

The bitewing radiograph.

Memory hook: Bite to see between teeth.

A panoramic view of both jaws, teeth, sinuses and the temporomandibular joints.

Memory hook: OPG.

Generalised loss suggests hyperparathyroidism, among other causes; local loss suggests periapical infection.

Memory hook: Hyperparathyroid jaw.

Titanium, because it osseointegrates with bone.

Memory hook: Brånemark.

Based on the first molar relation: Class I normal, Class II distocclusion, Class III mesiocclusion.

Memory hook: Normal, distal, mesial.

Anterior open bite with proclined upper incisors.

Memory hook: Gap in front.

After premature loss of a deciduous molar to keep space for the permanent successor.

Memory hook: Band and loop.

At about 8 to 9 years, upper incisors flare with a midline gap from the canine crowns; it closes on its own.

Memory hook: Self-correcting.

Osteoclasts resorb bone on the pressure side and osteoblasts form bone on the tension side.

Memory hook: Light force works.

They prevent caries in the grooves of newly erupted permanent molars.

Memory hook: Seal the grooves.

A WHO probe with a 0.5 mm ball tip, over each of six sextants.

Memory hook: Ball tip, sextants.

Dean's fluorosis index.

Memory hook: Dean.

The Nalgonda technique, using alum, lime and bleaching powder.

Memory hook: Nalgonda.

Index ages 5, 12, 15, 35 to 44 and 65 to 74 years; 12 years is the global caries monitoring age.

Memory hook: 12 for DMFT.

Measures before disease begins, such as water fluoridation, fluoride toothpaste, sealants and diet counselling.

Memory hook: Stop it starting.