Systemic paediatrics: antenatal hydronephrosis: practice question

A Pediatrics question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

Try it

Pediatrics · Systemic paediatrics: antenatal hydronephrosis

Sample item

A male newborn has antenatal hydronephrosis with a thick-walled bladder and poor urinary stream. Which test is done first after 48 hours of life, and which diagnosis is suspected?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

C. Ultrasound; posterior urethral valves confirmed by micturating cystourethrogram

Antenatal hydronephrosis is evaluated by postnatal ultrasound after the first 48 hours, when oliguria of early neonatal life has resolved. A thick bladder in a male with a weak stream suggests posterior urethral valves, confirmed by MCU.

Option by option

  • A. Intravenous urogram; nephrolithiasis

    IVU is not used in neonates.

  • B. CT abdomen; Wilms tumour

    CT is not first-line and Wilms tumour is not suspected.

  • C. Ultrasound; posterior urethral valves confirmed by micturating cystourethrogram (correct)

    Correct. Ultrasound then MCU for PUV.

  • D. Plain X-ray; hypospadias

    X-ray cannot evaluate the urinary tract adequately.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

More Pediatrics questions

Questions about this Pediatrics question

What is the answer to this Pediatrics question?

The best answer is C, Ultrasound; posterior urethral valves confirmed by micturating cystourethrogram. Antenatal hydronephrosis is evaluated by postnatal ultrasound after the first 48 hours, when oliguria of early neonatal life has resolved.

Why is "Intravenous urogram; nephrolithiasis" not the answer?

IVU is not used in neonates.

Why is "CT abdomen; Wilms tumour" not the answer?

CT is not first-line and Wilms tumour is not suspected.

Why is "Plain X-ray; hypospadias" not the answer?

X-ray cannot evaluate the urinary tract adequately.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Systemic paediatrics: antenatal hydronephrosis in Pediatrics. A thick bladder in a male with a weak stream suggests posterior urethral valves, confirmed by MCU.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as a multi-step question: it asks you to combine more than one idea. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Systemic paediatrics: antenatal hydronephrosis?

Memorise milestones and the vaccine schedule as tables and revise them often. Then use the flashcards and the other Pediatrics questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.