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Psychiatry · Substance use: benzodiazepine choice in liver disease
Sample itemA 55-year-old man with decompensated cirrhosis (ascites, prolonged prothrombin time) is admitted with sweating, tremor and anxiety 20 hours after his last drink. Which benzodiazepine is the preferred choice for his alcohol withdrawal?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
A. Lorazepam
Lorazepam and oxazepam are cleared by glucuronidation, which is relatively preserved in liver disease, and they have no active metabolites. Long-acting agents such as diazepam and chlordiazepoxide rely on oxidative metabolism and form active metabolites that accumulate, causing oversedation and precipitating hepatic encephalopathy.
Option by option
A. Lorazepam (correct)
Correct. It is conjugated directly, has no active metabolites and does not accumulate in hepatic failure.
B. Flurazepam
It has a very long-acting active metabolite and is poorly suited to a patient with failing liver function.
C. Diazepam
Its oxidative metabolism is slowed in cirrhosis and its active metabolite desmethyldiazepam accumulates.
D. Chlordiazepoxide
It is oxidised in the liver and its long-acting active metabolites build up in cirrhosis.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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