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Biochemistry · Vitamins and minerals: fish tapeworm and cobalamin
Sample itemA man from a lakeside community who regularly eats raw freshwater fish has macrocytic anaemia, low serum cobalamin and normal folate. Stool shows operculated eggs. How is the vitamin deficiency produced?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
D. The worm takes up cobalamin in the gut lumen
The broad fish tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium latum, absorbs dietary cobalamin in the lumen before the host can bind it to intrinsic factor. Treatment with praziquantel removes the worm and the vitamin is then replaced. Folate is normal, which argues against a primary folate defect.
Option by option
A. Folate is trapped as methyltetrahydrofolate
Methyl-folate trapping is a consequence of cobalamin lack, and folate is normal here.
B. Bacteria in a blind loop consume the vitamin
Blind-loop bacterial overgrowth also lowers cobalamin but follows surgical or motility disorders, not fish and eggs.
C. Autoantibodies destroy intrinsic factor
Autoimmune loss of intrinsic factor causes pernicious anaemia, which is not suggested by eggs in the stool.
D. The worm takes up cobalamin in the gut lumen (correct)
Correct. The parasite competes for luminal cobalamin and starves the host.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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