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Ophthalmology · Neuro-ophthalmology and pupils: nutritional optic neuropathy
Sample itemA 55-year-old chronic tobacco smoker and heavy drinker has gradual, painless, symmetrical loss of central vision with dyschromatopsia and bilateral centrocaecal scotomas. Discs are normal. What is the probable cause?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
B. Nutritional deficiency, notably of vitamin B12
Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia is a nutritional optic neuropathy, with deficiency of vitamin B12 and other B vitamins, and cyanide toxicity from tobacco. Bilateral centrocaecal scotomas with gradual loss of central acuity are typical. Stopping tobacco and alcohol with B12 supplements helps.
Option by option
A. Raised intracranial pressure
Raised intracranial pressure causes disc swelling and enlarged blind spots.
B. Nutritional deficiency, notably of vitamin B12 (correct)
Correct. Nutritional deficiency affects the papillomacular bundle and gives centrocaecal scotomas.
C. Optic neuritis from multiple sclerosis
Optic neuritis is typically unilateral and painful in a younger person.
D. Pituitary tumour
A pituitary tumour causes bitemporal field loss.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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