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Psychiatry · Psychotic disorders: psychogenic polydipsia
Sample itemA 40-year-old man with chronic schizophrenia drinks about 8 litres of water daily. He is brought with confusion and a generalised seizure. Serum sodium is 118 mmol/L and the urine is very dilute. What is the most likely cause?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
A. Primary polydipsia causing water intoxication
Compulsive water drinking in chronic psychosis overwhelms renal excretion and dilutes the serum sodium, while the kidney correctly makes dilute urine. Diabetes insipidus produces high sodium because water is lost, and SIADH gives concentrated urine.
Option by option
A. Primary polydipsia causing water intoxication (correct)
Correct. Excess intake with appropriately dilute urine and low sodium points to primary polydipsia.
B. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
SIADH produces inappropriately concentrated urine, not very dilute urine.
C. Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus also causes water loss with a high or normal sodium, and the stem names no lithium.
D. Central diabetes insipidus
Central diabetes insipidus loses water, so serum sodium rises rather than falls.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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