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Ophthalmology · Lens and cataract: complication of retrobulbar block
Sample itemWithin minutes of a retrobulbar injection, a patient becomes drowsy and apnoeic and the opposite pupil dilates. What has happened?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
D. Brainstem anaesthesia through spread along the optic nerve sheath
Anaesthetic that tracks along the optic nerve dural sheath reaches the subarachnoid space and brainstem, causing drowsiness, apnoea and a contralateral dilated pupil. It needs airway support and ventilation until it wears off. Haemorrhage and perforation do not cause these systemic signs.
Option by option
A. Globe perforation
Globe perforation causes pain, vitreous haemorrhage and a soft eye.
B. Retrobulbar haemorrhage
Retrobulbar haemorrhage presents with tense proptosis, not apnoea and a contralateral pupil change.
C. Oculocardiac reflex
The oculocardiac reflex produces bradycardia, not apnoea and contralateral pupil dilation.
D. Brainstem anaesthesia through spread along the optic nerve sheath (correct)
Correct. Spread into the subarachnoid space produces brainstem anaesthesia.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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