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Pathology · Haematology: Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia
Sample itemA 70-year-old has headache, blurred vision, epistaxis and lymphadenopathy. Serum electrophoresis shows an IgM spike, and the marrow has lymphoplasmacytic cells. Which feature explains his visual and bleeding symptoms?
Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.
The answer and the reasoning
D. Hyperviscosity from IgM pentamers
IgM is a large pentamer that increases serum viscosity, causing retinal vein engorgement, bleeding and neurological symptoms in Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia. Plasmapheresis treats it urgently, and lytic lesions are unusual.
Option by option
A. Lytic bone lesions
Lytic bone lesions are characteristic of multiple myeloma and rare here.
B. Amyloid deposition in retinal vessels
Amyloid is a rare complication, and not the usual cause of these symptoms.
C. Hypercalcaemia
Hypercalcaemia is more common in myeloma.
D. Hyperviscosity from IgM pentamers (correct)
Correct. High IgM levels cause hyperviscosity syndrome.
Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.
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