Hemodynamic disorders: hyperemia: practice question

A Pathology question in the style of the NEET PG paper. Answer it first, then read why the right option is right and why each of the others is wrong.

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Pathology · Hemodynamic disorders: hyperemia

Sample item

What distinguishes active hyperemia from passive congestion?

Original practice item, not a recalled exam question. Nothing here is recorded.

The answer and the reasoning

D. Hyperemia results from arteriolar dilation, whereas congestion is impaired venous outflow

Hyperemia is an active process of arteriolar dilation that increases tissue blood flow, while congestion is passive accumulation from impaired venous drainage. Chronic congestion can cause hypoxia and edema.

Option by option

  • A. Both are caused only by thrombosis

    Thrombosis can cause congestion but is not the only cause.

  • B. Hyperemia is always pathologic and congestion is always physiologic

    Both may be physiologic or pathologic depending on context.

  • C. Congestion increases arterial inflow

    Congestion reflects reduced venous drainage rather than increased arterial inflow.

  • D. Hyperemia results from arteriolar dilation, whereas congestion is impaired venous outflow (correct)

    Correct. The arterial-versus-venous distinction is fundamental.

Source note: Original NextPrep sample item — pending expert review. This item is original practice material awaiting independent expert review, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.

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Questions about this Pathology question

What is the answer to this Pathology question?

The best answer is D, Hyperemia results from arteriolar dilation, whereas congestion is impaired venous outflow. Hyperemia is an active process of arteriolar dilation that increases tissue blood flow, while congestion is passive accumulation from impaired venous drainage.

Why is "Both are caused only by thrombosis" not the answer?

Thrombosis can cause congestion but is not the only cause.

Why is "Hyperemia is always pathologic and congestion is always physiologic" not the answer?

Both may be physiologic or pathologic depending on context.

Why is "Congestion increases arterial inflow" not the answer?

Congestion reflects reduced venous drainage rather than increased arterial inflow.

What concept does this question test?

It tests Hemodynamic disorders: hyperemia in Pathology. Chronic congestion can cause hypoxia and edema.

How hard is this question?

We tag it as an application question: it asks you to use a fact on a patient or a finding. The tag is our own editorial judgement, not an official difficulty rating, so read the reason for every option, not only the answer.

How should I study Hemodynamic disorders: hyperemia?

Learn each disease as a bundle: cause, key histology, markers, and the clinical hallmark. Then use the flashcards and the other Pathology questions on this site to test what stuck.

Is this a real NEET PG question?

No. It is an original practice item (editorial status: sample, version 1). NextPrep does not publish recalled or leaked questions, and independent faculty review of this item has not been completed yet, so confirm important facts in a standard textbook.